Cologne Cathedral, or Kölner Dom, is not only a stunning example of Gothic architecture but also a monument rich with history. Here are some top historical facts about this magnificent structure that you should know.
1. Construction Beginnings
The construction of Cologne Cathedral began in 1248. It was a monumental effort to replace an older church situated on the same site. The foundation stone was laid, signifying the start of a long journey towards completion.
2. Architectural Influence
The cathedral is a prime example of High Gothic architecture. Its design was influenced by both French and local architectural styles, showcasing soaring towers and intricate stained glass windows that were revolutionary for its time.
3. Long Construction Period
Despite its ambitious beginnings, the cathedral's construction took more than 600 years to complete. The project was officially finished in 1880, but various modifications and restorations continued well into the 20th century.
4. UNESCO World Heritage Site
In 1996, Cologne Cathedral was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site, recognizing its outstanding universal value and its significance in the realm of architecture and cultural history.
5. The Reliquary of the Three Kings
One of the cathedral's most famous artifacts is the Shrine of the Three Kings. This ornate reliquary is believed to contain the relics of the Three Wise Men, who are said to have visited the newborn Jesus, making the cathedral an important pilgrimage site.
6. War Damage and Repairs
Cologne Cathedral endured significant damage during World War II; however, it remarkably survived the Allied bombings mostly intact. Repairs and restorations were initiated immediately after the war, showcasing the city's commitment to preserving this historical treasure.
7. Height and Size
At 157 meters (515 feet), Cologne Cathedral is the tallest cathedral in Germany and the second tallest in Europe. Its impressive size and grand towers make it a landmark that can be seen from miles away.
8. Visitor Attraction
The cathedral attracts millions of visitors each year, making it one of Germany's most popular tourist attractions. Visitors can explore its breathtaking interior, climb to the viewing platform for panoramic views of Cologne, and attend various cultural events held in its vicinity.
9. Architectural Features
Cologne Cathedral is adorned with stunning architectural features, including 56 bells, a plethora of sculptures, and beautiful stained-glass windows that date back to the 13th century. Each element tells a part of the story of this architectural masterpiece.
10. Ongoing Preservation Efforts
Even today, preservation efforts are ongoing to maintain the cathedral’s structure and artistry. These efforts emphasize the importance of protecting historical landmarks and provide insights into the techniques used by medieval craftsmen.
Cologne Cathedral stands not only as a religious site but also as a symbol of resilience and historical significance. Its breathtaking architecture and rich history make it a must-visit destination for anyone traveling to Germany.